歐洲防止酷刑、不人道或侮辱性待遇或處罰公約( European Convention on Torture)
2022-05-25
歐洲理事會保障人權的努力,逐步轉向於侵害的預防,並於1987年制定歐洲防止酷刑、不人道或侮辱性待遇或處罰公約。與1948年聯合國禁止酷刑公約比較,歐洲防止酷刑公約強調預防並設立一個委員會來審查締約國是否履行公約義務。委員會(詳見http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/)成員有權對締約國進行訪視。委員會成員為獨立的專家,來自法律、醫學、獄政及政治等不同領域。 這些委員有絕對的權力造訪拘禁處所,包括監獄、兒童拘留所、警察局、軍隊營房和療養院所,並享有完全的行動自由,以了解受拘禁者所受的對待,及對需要改進的地方作出建議。 The Council of Europe's efforts to guarantee human rights have placed increasing emphasis on preventing violations, and in this spirit the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment was adopted in 1987. In comparison with the UN Torture Convention of 1984, it emphasized prevention and set up a Committee for Prevention of Torture (CPT) to ensure compliance. The CPT's members are independent and impartial experts from a variety of backgrounds, including law, medicine, prison affairs, and politics. They visit places of detention—e.g., prisons and places of youth detention, police stations, army barracks, and psychiatric hospitals. 資料來源:東吳大學張佛泉人權研究中心編纂:《人權字典》(臺北市:教育部,2007年6月,第一版一刷),頁89。 |