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基於性別之緣故，以差別方式對待一個人或一群人。在法律上性別歧視已被禁止。許多國家憲法與法律都有明確規定。聯合國憲章、世界人權宣言，兩個國際人權公約與不少有關婦女權利的法律也都禁止性別歧視。但事與願違，在較傳統或專制國家，婦女仍然深受壓迫與剝削，不論在教育、工作、參加政治活動等面向都較男性地位為劣。在族群衝突或戰爭中，婦女與兒童尤首當其衝，受害最大。即使在許多自稱進步的國家，性別歧視仍然存在。
Discrimination on the basis of sex is prohibited by constitution and laws in many countries, and by the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as many other international instruments, including the two Covenants and especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. However, reality is very different from the law. Women, especially in the more traditional, authoritarian societies, are still severely oppressed and exploited. In times of ethnic con?icts or wars, women and children are more likely to be hurt. Even in countries claiming to be advanced, sex discrimination continues to be a blemish on their human rights records.
資料來源：東吳大學張佛泉人權研究中心編纂：《人權字典》（臺北市：教育部，2007年6月，第一版一刷），頁177。
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