2000美國國務院人權報告(台灣篇)
2019-05-16
發表者:美國國務院 |
發表時間:0年0月 |
中文摘要: 台灣 民主進步黨(DPP)總統候選人陳水扁在3月份的總統大選中獲勝標志著台灣歷史上第一次出現從一個政黨執政向另一個政黨執政的過渡。總統任命行政院長來領導行政院(EY),即內閣。1997年批準的憲法修正案給予立法院(LY)通過不信任投票解散內閣的權力。前執政黨國民黨(KMT)在立法院繼續保持多數。立法院成員是在1998年12月的自由、公正的選舉中選出的。除民進黨和國民黨外,親民黨和新黨也在立法院中起重要作用。根據憲法,司法院(JY)獨立於政治體制中的其它分支,但腐敗和受政治的影響仍然是嚴重問題。不過,新的民進黨政府已經努力清除腐敗,並減少政治對司法的影響。 內政部(MOI)警政署(NPA)、警政署刑事警察局和法務部(MOJ)調查局負責有關台灣境內安全的執法工作。警察和安全機構處於有效的文職人員控制之下。有些警察機構的成員偶爾有侵犯人權的行為。 台灣經濟是不斷發展的、出口型的自由市場經濟。經濟自由化削弱了政府所有或政黨經營的企業在諸如金融、運輸、公共事業、造船、鋼鐵、電信和石油化工等主要產業中的主導作用。隨著經濟的發展,服務業和資本、科技密集型產業成為最重要的產業。主要的出口商品包括電腦、電子設備、機械和紡織品。公民總的來說享有高生活水準和公平的收入分配。 台灣當局總體上尊重人權。不過,有些領域仍存在問題。這一年的主要問題包括警察虐待被羈押者、監獄過於擁擠、司法受到政治和個人的壓力、出現某些侵犯公民隱私的情況、歧視婦女和對婦女使用暴力、存在童妓和虐待兒童現象、對土著居民的社會歧視、對勞工結社自由和他們的罷工權利的限制,以及販運婦女和兒童的事例。不過,在這一年內,對司法的政治和個人壓力明顯減少。 台灣總統陳水扁在5月20日發表的就職演說中宣布,台灣必須把國際人權列入法規,並由政府成立一個人權委員會。 (摘要結束) |
英文摘要: The March victory of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) presidential candidate Chen Shui-bian marked the first transition from one political party to another in Taiwan's history. The president appoints the premier, who heads the Executive Yuan (EY), or Cabinet. Constitutional amendments adopted in 1997 provided the Legislative Yuan (LY) with the authority to dismiss the Cabinet with a no-confidence vote. The previous ruling Nationalist Party (KMT) retains the majority in the LY, whose members were elected in a free and fair election in December 1998. In addition to the DPP and KMT, the People First Party and the New Party play significant roles in the LY. The Judicial Yuan (JY) is constitutionally independent of the other branches of the political system, but corruption and political influence remain serious problems. However, the new DPP Government made efforts to eliminate corruption and to diminish political influence over the judiciary. The National Police Administration (NPA) of the Ministry of Interior (MOI), the NPA's Criminal Investigation Bureau, and the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) Investigation Bureau are responsible for law enforcement relating to internal security. The police and security agencies are under effective civilian control. Some members of the police occasionally committed human rights abuses. Taiwan has a dynamic, export-oriented, free market economy. Liberalization of the economy diminished the dominant role that state-owned and party-run enterprises played in such major sectors as finance, transportation, utilities, shipbuilding, steel, telecommunications, and petrochemicals. As the economy evolved, services and capital- and technology-intensive industries have become the most important sectors. Major exports include computers, electronic equipment, machinery, and textiles. Citizens generally enjoy a high standard of living and an equitable income distribution. The authorities generally respect human rights; however, problems remain in some areas. Principal problems during the year included police abuse of detainees; prison overcrowding; political and personal pressures on the judiciary; some infringements on citizens' privacy; violence and discrimination against women; child prostitution and abuse; societal discrimination against Aborigines; restrictions on workers' freedom of association and on their ability to strike; and instances of trafficking in women and children. However, during the year, political and personal pressures on the judiciary decreased significantly. In his May 20 inaugural address, President Chen declared that Taiwan must include international human rights in its legal code and establish a national human rights committee. |
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